These people did not withdraw with the armies of various countries. Instead, they became even more unscrupulous due to losing control.
Undoubtedly, daring to act so recklessly implies they had something to rely on.
The various mercenary corps within the Papal State each paid protection money to the two major countries that remained. They also relied on the channels of these two countries to sell looted treasures.
Generally, mercenaries have no interest in capturing people, but if there's a sponsor willing to pay, it's a different story.
Various factors resulted in the current complex situation.
"Are you saying that in this war, not only did these two countries loot a large amount of wealth, but they also increased their population by at least ten million, possibly over fifteen million after the war?"
